Peers Influence in Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
Young people constitute seventeen percent of the Turkey population. Begins at around age 12 and ends around age 21. This age range is defined as adolescent. Adolescence is the period of human growth that occurs between childhood and adulthood. Physical, psychological, sexual and social changes occurred when the transition from childhood to adolescence. These changes can be seen in three phases. These are; early, middle and late adolescence. Each phase has its own characteristics. People in early adolescence phase become aware of their quickly changing bodies. Begins the influence of friends and social environment in second phase(middle adolescence) and cognitive development is seen in the final stage. Between these stages, we see that the learned habits of adolescents in the middle phase. Such as, using bad language, drinking alcohol and smoking a cigarette etc. According to statistics, the most common and critical habit is smoking. We told ‘common’ and ‘critical’ because one of every three high school students smoke and smoking age dropped to 14 years old. (Lakon, Wang, Butts, Timberlake, Hipp, Jose, 2014, s.2) So that we interested this circumstance. There are many reasons of using smoke. But we will cover which reasons has maximum usage ratio one. We have noticed that the highest rate is ‘to influence of peers on smoking’
Social influence is the change in behavior that one person causes in another, intentionally or unintentionally. Every human being to live this duration. Primarily begins in early adolescence. Because they begin to establish communication with other human outside the family, express themselves and begin to develop cognitive abilities. The social influence part of the model lets us to investigate How an adolescent friendship significant dimension to shape development.
Adolescence period is a risky time during puberty and youth. To engage in substance use behaviors concurrently such as cigarette smoking within their peer networks. We observed high school students out of school and spend time in bar at night throughout one day. We will talk about how is the influence of friends on smoking behavior.
According to many article, people who have friends which are cigarette smoking usually more tend to smoke.(Green, Horta, Haye, Kennedy, Pollard, 2013, s.3) This argument supported by our observation.
Our observation checked in terms of some basic questions. These are; what are they doing firstly when get out their school? How many people smoke in a group? Is there any non smoker and after a while non smoker person tend to smoke with his/her pressures? How many people are carrying pocket? Which gender more smoker? Are they only cigarette smoking or drink something with together? Is a pack of cigarettes finish when they sit in the bar?
We observed five adolesent people and try to give an answer these questions to use Etiler Anatiolian High School’s students. After observation of school, we went to bar which is in Asmalı, Taksim. Firstly, at 3 o’clock we selected one group. It has five members. The group are formed by three boys and two girls. While we are following, first impression is when lecture broke up, instantly boys show up pocket and smoke. Two boys who are named Cem and Buğra attempted to smoke but security guard of school bloked and he told them they could not smoke because they are so close to the school. Two people in a group began to smoke firstly. These people who show up their pocket in front of the school; Cem and Buğra. But that was a point that caught my attention, the first two people who want to smoke did not carry lighter. Cem wanted to lighter from buğra. Serdar is third man in the group did not smoke at the same time. Serdar wanted to light a cigarette when he is seeing smoke his friends. And he took a cigarette from serdar. He did not carry pocket of cigarettes. Girls in the group were non-smoker at first. In our estimation, the location of the school was on the main Street and near the Akmerkez. So a central location. When they started to walk in side Street. Girls wanted to cigarette from their boy friends and began to walk. They did not sit in the any cafe just talk among the Street and they left toward the house. In brief, only two people in the group carries a pack of cigarettes. Also, we think that girls bear the anxiety to be seen by their relatives.
The second observation location is Küçük Beyoğlu in Taksim. We observed the same question over here. In addition, Does alcohol taken next to the cigarettes? How drunk? They smoke at the same time? How many were smokers and how many cigarettes were used? . We searched for answer to the themes we have identified. We sit in bar at 9pm. Gave an order two beers. And we chose a group ourselves. Group consist of six people. Four boys and two girls. We think there is one couple in a group. Because they were constantly kissing and they were having a conversation while drinking beer, The topic about their summer plans, their school notes, the someone’s gossip and their experiences. Half hourly, drinks were refreshing. They average three smokes next to each beer. Five of them had their cigarette packs. But one girl is non-smoker. So she does not want to her boyfriend smoke because she hid the cigarette pock of lover. But others in the group served him cigarettes jocularly. During night they sit in the bar and many cigarttes are smoked by them. But one point our attention is tending cheroot. Because when one person in a group went to buy cheroot and come back later, all of them smoked it including non-smoker. Actually, we saw in this example peer influence to change behavior. Because non-smoker is included and smoke it.
Looking at the overall most of adolescent are smoke and if we were to use the inductive method the friend environment slowly starting to smoke as in this group the impact of peers. Afterwards they are starting to carry packet of cigarettes and dependence occurs.
In Early period of adolescence, they discover themselves and start to accommodate with peers and environments. Social influence occured in this part. Other people effect to person who use communication to express themselves with biologically, emotionally, psychologically and psycially. Emotionally and physically common affet is peers influence about smoke. It was the major reason students gave for taking up the habit. And social interaction determined people behavior. According to a study shared in health Science journal in 2015 %7.4(Kapıkıran ve Fiyakalı, 2005, s.4) of teenagers wants to smoke while they re with their friends. The Collectivist idea are vulnerable to them, they have the intention to express themselves in one voice as a group and of course it lends them confidence. Because friends have a important influence on teenagers life. İt seems to mostly adolescence. Adolescents who have smoker friends and encourage the student smoking were powerfull risk factor for smoking.
While we observed, may have made some limitation in our research. We can use two places such as school,bar, etc and could observe the group consisting of the same person instead of two different groups and different places. For instance, people who observed by us school located in Taksim and the place they prefer to in same location. We had a mistake to choice group about proximity and emotionally. Because of did not exactly know closeness degree we don’t know how effective influence because had a lover in the group. Interact emotionally may influence the decision making process. Also, we could choose a wider age range location. Because Küçük Beyoğlu had lots of people in the 17-18 years of age. İf there we more different age range group, observation could appeal to more age groups. İf we will make observations for similar topics, we will apply what we determined limitations.
References
Green, H. D., Horta, M., De La Haye, K., Tucker, J. S., Kennedy, D. R., & Pollard, M. (2013). Peer influence and selection processes in adolescent smoking behavior: a comparative study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(2), 534-541.
Lakon, C. M., Wang, C., Butts, C. T., Jose, R., Timberlake, D. S., & Hipp, J. R. (2015). A dynamic model of adolescent friendship networks, parental influences, and smoking. Journal of youth and adolescence, 44(9), 1767-1786.
Kapıkıran, N. A., & Fiyakalı, C. (2005). Lise Öğrencilerinde Akran Baskısı Ve Problem Çözme. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(18), 11-17.
Social influence is the change in behavior that one person causes in another, intentionally or unintentionally. Every human being to live this duration. Primarily begins in early adolescence. Because they begin to establish communication with other human outside the family, express themselves and begin to develop cognitive abilities. The social influence part of the model lets us to investigate How an adolescent friendship significant dimension to shape development.
Adolescence period is a risky time during puberty and youth. To engage in substance use behaviors concurrently such as cigarette smoking within their peer networks. We observed high school students out of school and spend time in bar at night throughout one day. We will talk about how is the influence of friends on smoking behavior.
According to many article, people who have friends which are cigarette smoking usually more tend to smoke.(Green, Horta, Haye, Kennedy, Pollard, 2013, s.3) This argument supported by our observation.
Our observation checked in terms of some basic questions. These are; what are they doing firstly when get out their school? How many people smoke in a group? Is there any non smoker and after a while non smoker person tend to smoke with his/her pressures? How many people are carrying pocket? Which gender more smoker? Are they only cigarette smoking or drink something with together? Is a pack of cigarettes finish when they sit in the bar?
We observed five adolesent people and try to give an answer these questions to use Etiler Anatiolian High School’s students. After observation of school, we went to bar which is in Asmalı, Taksim. Firstly, at 3 o’clock we selected one group. It has five members. The group are formed by three boys and two girls. While we are following, first impression is when lecture broke up, instantly boys show up pocket and smoke. Two boys who are named Cem and Buğra attempted to smoke but security guard of school bloked and he told them they could not smoke because they are so close to the school. Two people in a group began to smoke firstly. These people who show up their pocket in front of the school; Cem and Buğra. But that was a point that caught my attention, the first two people who want to smoke did not carry lighter. Cem wanted to lighter from buğra. Serdar is third man in the group did not smoke at the same time. Serdar wanted to light a cigarette when he is seeing smoke his friends. And he took a cigarette from serdar. He did not carry pocket of cigarettes. Girls in the group were non-smoker at first. In our estimation, the location of the school was on the main Street and near the Akmerkez. So a central location. When they started to walk in side Street. Girls wanted to cigarette from their boy friends and began to walk. They did not sit in the any cafe just talk among the Street and they left toward the house. In brief, only two people in the group carries a pack of cigarettes. Also, we think that girls bear the anxiety to be seen by their relatives.
The second observation location is Küçük Beyoğlu in Taksim. We observed the same question over here. In addition, Does alcohol taken next to the cigarettes? How drunk? They smoke at the same time? How many were smokers and how many cigarettes were used? . We searched for answer to the themes we have identified. We sit in bar at 9pm. Gave an order two beers. And we chose a group ourselves. Group consist of six people. Four boys and two girls. We think there is one couple in a group. Because they were constantly kissing and they were having a conversation while drinking beer, The topic about their summer plans, their school notes, the someone’s gossip and their experiences. Half hourly, drinks were refreshing. They average three smokes next to each beer. Five of them had their cigarette packs. But one girl is non-smoker. So she does not want to her boyfriend smoke because she hid the cigarette pock of lover. But others in the group served him cigarettes jocularly. During night they sit in the bar and many cigarttes are smoked by them. But one point our attention is tending cheroot. Because when one person in a group went to buy cheroot and come back later, all of them smoked it including non-smoker. Actually, we saw in this example peer influence to change behavior. Because non-smoker is included and smoke it.
Looking at the overall most of adolescent are smoke and if we were to use the inductive method the friend environment slowly starting to smoke as in this group the impact of peers. Afterwards they are starting to carry packet of cigarettes and dependence occurs.
In Early period of adolescence, they discover themselves and start to accommodate with peers and environments. Social influence occured in this part. Other people effect to person who use communication to express themselves with biologically, emotionally, psychologically and psycially. Emotionally and physically common affet is peers influence about smoke. It was the major reason students gave for taking up the habit. And social interaction determined people behavior. According to a study shared in health Science journal in 2015 %7.4(Kapıkıran ve Fiyakalı, 2005, s.4) of teenagers wants to smoke while they re with their friends. The Collectivist idea are vulnerable to them, they have the intention to express themselves in one voice as a group and of course it lends them confidence. Because friends have a important influence on teenagers life. İt seems to mostly adolescence. Adolescents who have smoker friends and encourage the student smoking were powerfull risk factor for smoking.
While we observed, may have made some limitation in our research. We can use two places such as school,bar, etc and could observe the group consisting of the same person instead of two different groups and different places. For instance, people who observed by us school located in Taksim and the place they prefer to in same location. We had a mistake to choice group about proximity and emotionally. Because of did not exactly know closeness degree we don’t know how effective influence because had a lover in the group. Interact emotionally may influence the decision making process. Also, we could choose a wider age range location. Because Küçük Beyoğlu had lots of people in the 17-18 years of age. İf there we more different age range group, observation could appeal to more age groups. İf we will make observations for similar topics, we will apply what we determined limitations.
References
Green, H. D., Horta, M., De La Haye, K., Tucker, J. S., Kennedy, D. R., & Pollard, M. (2013). Peer influence and selection processes in adolescent smoking behavior: a comparative study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(2), 534-541.
Lakon, C. M., Wang, C., Butts, C. T., Jose, R., Timberlake, D. S., & Hipp, J. R. (2015). A dynamic model of adolescent friendship networks, parental influences, and smoking. Journal of youth and adolescence, 44(9), 1767-1786.
Kapıkıran, N. A., & Fiyakalı, C. (2005). Lise Öğrencilerinde Akran Baskısı Ve Problem Çözme. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(18), 11-17.
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